Netherlands

The Netherlands is the State in northwest of Europe, often named Holland. In the east borders on Germany, in the south — on Belgium. In the north and the west it is washed by Northern sea. The Netherlands posess also the Dutch Antilles and Aruba island in Caribbean sea. Territory of the country is low plain which half is below a sea level. The west of the country laying below a sea level, is cut up by channels and sea sleeves; east part lays a little above sea level, however the height seldom exceeds 164,04 ft. The coast of Northern sea consists mostly of dunes. In a southwest in dunes the breaks are created by the rivers. In the north dunes are broken off by the sea sleeves which have created thus the Western Frisian islands, on the east from which the tidal sea lays. Behind dunes there is the extensive area of the ground laying below a sea level and separated from it by dams. This territory has been won from the sea. The dam has been completely erected in 1932 then work on swinging waters has begun.

From I century B.C. the territory of the modern Netherlands was under authority of Roman empire. Nearby 300 year Roman authority has started to weaken and in region have rushed numerous German, Saxon and Francs tribes. The strongest were the francs, they completely subordinated friezes and saxophones and turned them in christianity. By 800 year all territory of the Netherlands was a part of Charles’s I Great empire. However after his death the empire has broken up, and in 843 Holland became a part of Lorraine, and in 925 a part of Sacred Roman empire, communication with which was more likely nominal, than real.

To the Netherlands the big influence was rendered by France. In XVI century the Netherlands have got under authority of the Spanish monarches. King Phillip II has established so severe board, that in 1568 war for the independence, proceeded 80 years has flashed. In 1579 the Utrecht union — an alliance of northern and some southern provinces (become subsequently by the Netherlands) has been formed. In 1581 the Union has proclaimed independence, however Spain has officially recognized the Dutch Republic only in 1648.

The Dutch republic has existed till 1795 when France has created the Low Countries in its territory, however that was even more short-lived and has stopped existence in 1806 when Napoleon has appointed his brother Lui king of the Netherlands. In 1815 after rout of Napoleon the Viennese congress has proclaimed Kingdom Netherlands which included also Belgium. In 1830 Belgium was allocated in the independent state.

The Netherlands are the member of the United Nations and all specialized agencies of this organization, NATO, EU, the Organizations of economic cooperation and development.

A state system:

the Head of the state — the monarch.
The highest legislature — parliament (General staffs).
The supreme body of executive authority — the Cabinet led by the Prime Minister.